Parachutes deploying. A parachute is a device used to slow the motion of an object through an by creating (or in the case of ram-air parachutes, aerodynamic ). Parachutes are usually made out of light, strong fabric, originally, now most commonly. They are typically dome-shaped, but vary, with rectangles, inverted domes, and others found. A variety of loads are attached to parachutes, including people, food, equipment,, and. A is used to aid horizontal deceleration of a vehicle such as and ); provide stability, as to certain types of in distress, tandem free-fall; and as a pilot triggering deployment a larger parachute. The oldest known depiction of a parachute, by an anonymous author (Italy, 1470s).

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The earliest primitive form of the parachute was made some 4,000 years ago, when the Chinese noticed that air resistance would slow a person's fall from a height. The writer in his book recounts the story of Shun, a legendary Chinese emperor who ran away from his murderous father by climbing onto the top of a high granary.

As there was nowhere to go, Shun grabbed two bamboo hats and leapt off and glided downward to safety. The earliest evidence for the modern parachute dates back to the period. The oldest parachute design appears in an anonymous manuscript from 1470s (British Museum Add. MSS 34,113, fol. 200v), showing a free-hanging man clutching a cross bar frame attached to a conical canopy. As a safety measure, four straps ran from the ends of the rods to a waist belt, marked improvement over another folio (189v), which depicts a man trying to break the force of his fall by the means of two long cloth streamers fastened to two bars which he grips with his hands. Although the surface area of the first design appears to be too small to be effective and the wooden frame is superfluous and potentially harmful, the basic concept of a working parachute is apparent.

Shortly after, a more sophisticated parachute was sketched by the in his (fol. 381v) dated to ca. Here, the scale of the parachute is in a more favorable proportion to the weight of the jumper. Leonardo's canopy was held open by a square wooden frame, which alters the shape of the parachute from conical to pyramidal.

It is not known whether the Italian inventor was influenced by the earlier design, but he may have learned about the idea through the intensive oral communication among. The feasibility of Leonardo's pyramidal design was successfully tested in 2000 by and again in 2008 by the Swiss skydiver Olivier Vietti-Teppa. According to the historian of technology, these conical and pyramidal designs, much more elaborate than early artistic jumps with rigid in Asia, mark the origin of 'the parachute as we know it.' 's parachute design, titled Homo Volans ('Flying Man'), from his Machinae Novae ('New Machines', published in 1615 or 1616) The polymath and inventor (1551–1617) examined da Vinci's parachute sketch and kept the square frame but replaced the canopy with a bulging sail-like piece of cloth that he came to realize decelerates a fall more effectively.